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Racism in Malaysia
Malaysia is a multi–ethnic country. Accusations of racism stem from racial preferences embodied within the social and economic policy of the Malaysian government as well as broader tensions between various ethnic groups.
==Demographics==
(詳細はMalays make up the majority—close to 52% of the 28 million population. About 30% of the population are Chinese Malaysians (Malaysians of Chinese descent) and Indian Malaysians (Malaysians of Indian descent) comprise about 8% of the population.〔(Chinese in Malaysia )〕 There are also a very small minority of aborigines whose ancestors or Orang Asli arrived in what is today Malaysia well over 7,000 years before the Malays arrived from what is today Indonesia roughly 3,000 years ago. The book "Contesting Malayness - Malay Identity Across Boundaries" edited by Timothy P. Barnard reflects the views of anthropologists that there is no such race as the "Malays" to begin with, even if one has since developed in Malaysia. If one follow the original migration of a certain group of southern Chinese of 6,000 years ago, some moved to Taiwan (today's Taiwanese aborigines are their descendents), then to the Philippines and later to Borneo (roughly 4,500 years ago) (today's Dayak and other groups). These ancient people also split with some heading to Sulawesi and others progressing into Java, and Sumatra. The final migration was to the Malayan Peninsula roughly 3,000 years ago. A sub-group from Borneo moved to Champa in Vietnam roughly 4,500 years ago. Interestingly, the Champa group eventually moved to present day Kelantan in Malaysia. There are also traces of the Dong Song and HoaBinh migration from Vietnam and Cambodia. There was also the Southern Thai migration, from what we know as Pattani today. All these groups share DNA and linguistic origins traceable to Taiwan, if not to southern China. Yet the Malay and Chinese (and also Indian) communities in Malaysia today appear at times at odds with each other given the polarisation caused by various policies under the Bumiputera policy. It is an attempt to explain but using Barnard's work is akin to disputing that Americans or Australians exists since the lands were first populated by the Native Americans and Australian Aborogines respectively.
Even though the Malaysian Malay and Chinese are might share a common anthropological rootstock, they are culturally and physically different and easily distinguishable even to a foreigner nowadays. Some attempts to tie the racism in Malaysia to history of the country, have assumed that the friction between Chinese and Malay started since Japanese Occupation of Malaya(1941 - 1945) whereby misunderstanding of that Malays cooperated with the Japanese army. According to this theory, the Chinese population was marginalized behind by Japanese, whereby the Malays were allowed to partially take part in the governing of the country under the Japanese colonialisation then. And with this the seeds of dissatisfaction among Chinese people was started.〔Racism in Asia〕 In addition, one must not forget that the British, who had colonised the what is now the Malaysian peninsular starting in 1876, had recognised the Malay states, as recorded by numerous literature by Frank Swettenham, Hugh Clifford and many more of their scholars. It was the British then who brought Chinese initially to work in the tin mines of Malaya, as the country was then known. The British "divide and rule" practice, as evident in their other colonies such as India, is more logical as the contributor of the present racism. Under the British, the Chinese were more or less isolated in their tin mining areas. In addition, some Chinese were settled around the major towns while the Malays, had established their own villages.
Presently, Malay are the formal languages of Malaysia. While it is unique that more than four languages are spoken widely in Malaysia today (Malay, Chinese and Tamil), the ethnic languages are mainly used by the ethnic groups respectively. divide is quite clear since the Malays mostly attend the Malaysian national schools but the Chinese and also the Indians, have created their own schools, placing importance of the respective languages which nowadays become the boundaries between Malay, Chinese and Indian ethnic. This is also a legacy of the British "divide and rule". This is possibly theory of the major factor in dividing the ethnic groups of this country, unlike the U.S. where English is unifying the people there. Attempts by certain quarters to unify this has met with objections and have not been settled.〔http://www.theantdaily.com/Main/Dong-Zong-still-holds-sway-over-Chinese-education.〕 Both the Malaysian government and non-governmenttal organisations working for the interest of the Chinese like Dong Zong have yet to reach an agreement on this matter.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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